中国临床心理学杂志

社会排斥总是消极的吗?-影响排斥不同行为反应的因素

作者：杨晓莉魏丽

关键词：社会排斥行为反应影响因素

分类号：R395.6

出版年,卷(期):页码：2017,25(6):1179-1183

摘要：

社会排斥指的是某一个体或群体受到其他社会团体或他人的排斥或拒绝而导致其归属需求和关系需求受到阻碍的现象和过程。社会排斥会阻碍受排斥者的归属感、自尊、控制感、意义感等基本心理需求的满足，引发一系列消极的认知、情绪和行为反应。近几年来，大量研究都致力于探讨何种因素调节个体在社会排斥后的不同行为反应，这些研究范围广，种类多而杂。本文重点梳理和总结了社会文化因素、群体身份、排斥类型以及归因、权力与控制感等个体特征对受排斥者行为反应的影响，以帮助人们从多层面、多视角来理解社会排斥现象。未来研究可以拓展长期排斥和替代性排斥对行为反应的影响及其调节因素探讨，并加强社会排斥积极影响的策略探讨。

Social exclusion refers to the phenomenon and process that people's needs of belongingness and relationship needs are thwarted by the rejection of other social groups or other people. Social exclusion threatens four fundamental hu-man needs:belongingness, self-esteem, sense of control, and meaningful existence which lead to a series of negative cogni-tive, emotional and behavioral responses. In recent years, a large number of studies have been taken focusing on determin-ing factors which could affect the individual's behavioral responses to social exclusion. But these studies are broad and di-verse. This paper summarizes the influence of social and cultural factors, group identity, rejection type and attribution, a sense of power and control, in order to help people from multi perspective to understand the phenomenon of social exclu-sion. Future researches can expand the impacts of long-term exclusion and vicarious exclusion on behavioral responses and its moderating factors, and strengthen the positive impacts of social exclusion strategies.

基金项目：

本文受国家社科基金（14CSH037）；甘肃省高等学校教师科研项目（2016A-008）资助

作者简介：

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