设为首页 | 加入收藏
网站首页 本刊简介 编委会 投稿指南 过刊浏览 广告合作 网上订购 下载专区 联系我们  
短期冥想训练研究进展、问题及展望
作者:王玉正  罗非 
单位:1. 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所)  北京 100101 2. 中国科学院大学心理系  北京 100049 
关键词:冥想 短期 效果 影响因素 
分类号:R395.5
出版年,卷(期):页码:2017,25(6):1184-1190
摘要:

目前,越来越多的人参与到冥想练习之中。短期冥想训练效果如何,也得到了研究者们的关注。通过整理近十年短期冥想训练(训练时间短于八周)研究,发现短期冥想训练的主要效果包括:提升冥想水平,改善情绪状态,加强认知功能,增强创造力,减少成瘾行为,提高疼痛耐受,调节自主神经系统,减少皮质醇释放,增加分泌性免疫球蛋白A,改变脑电活动,甚至改变大脑白质的神经可塑性。未来需要把握不同时程冥想训练的特点,借鉴有益因素,完善训练方案;提高参与者动机,降低脱落率;并且建立行业标准,加强指导者资质审核;建立冥想评定指标等,以便更多的参与者从中受益。

Presently, more and more people have been participating in a form of meditation practice. Therefore, investi-gators are becoming increasingly interested in the effectiveness of short-term meditation. After reviewing the relevant re-search literatures in the last decade, we found that short-term training of meditation may produce ①positive changes of mindfulness level and emotional state; ②improved cognitive function and creativity; ③reduction of addictive behaviors; ④ increased pain tolerance; ⑤better regulation of the autonomic nervous system; ⑥decreased cortisol release; ⑦increased se-cretory immunoglobulin A; ⑧alteredelectroencephalographical activities; and ⑨plastical changes in brain connection. Fu-ture studies should differentiate the characteristics of meditation training with different duration, investigate the ways to pro-mote the motivation of participants, to reduce dropout rate, and to improve the training programs. Moreover, criterions relat-ed with meditative training should be established for the qualification of instructors and the evaluation of training programs.

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31471061);中美宗教文化比较研究项目(FP04LF)
作者简介:
参考文献:

1 Walsh R, Shapiro SL. The meeting of meditative disciplines and Western psychology:a mutually enriching dialogue. American Psychologist, 2006, 61(3):227-239
2 Grant JA. Meditative analgesia:the current state of the field. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2014, 1307:55-63
3 Lutz A, Slagter HA, Dunne JD, et al. Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2008, 12(4):163-169
4 Nakata H, Sakamoto K, Kakigi R. Meditation reduces painrelated neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, insula, secondary somatosensory cortex, and thalamus. Frontiers in Psychology, 2014, 5:1489-1500
5 Zeidan F, Grant JA, Brown CA, et al. Mindfulness meditation-related pain relief:evidence for unique brain mechanisms in the regulation of pain. Neuroscience Letter, 2012, 520(2):165-173
6 齐臻臻, 刘兴华. 此刻觉察冥想方案的有效性:来自冷压任务的证据. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2016, 24(3):566-570
7 刘兴华, 徐钧, 张琴, 等."此刻觉察"正念训练的定义、操作及可行性. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2016, 24(8):1224-1229
8 Fan Y, Tang YY, Posner MI. Cortisol level modulated by integrative meditation in a dose-dependent fashion. Stress and Health, 2013, 30(1):65-70
9 Liu X, Wang S, Chang S, et al. Effect of Brief Mindfulness Intervention on Tolerance and Distress of Pain Induced by Cold-Pressor Task. Stress and Health, 2012, 29(3):199-204
10 Zeidan F, Emerson NM, Farris SR, et al. Mindfulness Meditation-Based Pain Relief Employs Different Neural Mechanisms Than Placebo and Sham Mindfulness MeditationInduced Analgesia. The Joural of Neuroscience, 2015, 35 (46):15307-15325
11 王玉正, 刘欣, 徐慰, 等. 正念训练提升参与者对疼痛的接纳程度. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2015, 23(3):567-570
12 Tang YY, Ma Y, Wang J, et al. Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(43):17152-17156
13 徐慰, 王玉正, 刘兴华. 8 周正念训练对负性情绪的改善效果. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2015, 29(7):497-502
14 Tang YY, Lu Q, Fan M, et al. Mechanisms of white matter changes induced by meditation. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109(26):10570-10574
15 Chiesa A.The Difficulty of Defining Mindfulness:Current Thought and Critical Issues. Mindfulness, 2012, 4(3):255-268
16 段文杰. 正念研究的分歧:概念与测量. 心理科学进展, 2014, 22(10):1616-1627
17 Zeidan F, Martucci KT, Kraft RA, et al. Brain mechanisms supporting the modulation of pain by mindfulness meditation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2011, 31(14):5540-5548
18 Paholpak SP, Nawanant, Rangseekajee, et al. Breathing meditation by medical students at Khon Kaen University:Effect on psychiatric symptoms, memory, intelligence and academic acheivement. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 2012, 95(3):461-469
19 Chen Y, Yang X, Wang L, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of brief mindfulness meditation on anxiety symptoms and systolic blood pressure in Chinese nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 2013, 33(10):1166-1172
20 王昕嫱, 周仁来. 短期呼吸冥想训练改善抑郁程度有效性. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 52(2):240-245
21 Zeidan F, Gordon NS, Merchant J, et al. The effects of brief mindfulness meditation training on experimentally induced pain. The Journal of Pain, 2010, 11(3):199-209
22 Zeidan F, Johnson SK, Gordon NS, et al. Effects of Brief and Sham Mindfulness Meditation on Mood and Cardiovascular Variables. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2010, 16(8):867-873
23 Pratzlich M, Kossowsky J, Gaab J, et al. Impact of shortterm meditation and expectation on executive brain functions. Behavioural Brain Research, 2016, 297:268-276
24 Xue SW, Tang YY, Tang R, et al. Short-term meditation induces changes in brain resting EEG theta networks. Brain and Cognition, 2014, 87:1-6
25 Tang YY, Lu Q, Feng H, et al. Short-term meditation increases blood flow in anterior cingulate cortex and insula. Frontiers in Psychology, 2015, 6:212-215
26 任俊, 黄璐, 张振新. 冥想使人变得平和——人们对正、负性情绪图片的情绪反应可因冥想训练而降低. 心理学报, 2012, 44(10):1339-1348
27 Friese M, Messner C, Schaffner Y. Mindfulness meditation counteracts self-control depletion. Consciousness and Cognition, 2012, 21(2):1016-1022
28 Fan Y, Tang YY, Tang R, Posner MI. Short term integrative meditation improves resting alpha activity and stroop performance. Applied Psychophysiol Biofeedback, 2014, 39(3-4):213-217
29 Kingston J, Chadwick P, Meron D, et al. A pilot randomized control trial investigating the effect of mindfulness practice on pain tolerance, psychological well-being, and physiological activity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2007, 62(3):297-300
30 Fan Y, Tang YY, Tang R, et al. Time course of conflict processing modulated by brief meditation training. Frontiers in Psychology, 2015, 6:911-916
31 Ren J, Huang Z, Luo J, et al. Meditation promotes insightful problem-solving by keeping people in a mindful and alert conscious state. Science China Life Sciences, 2011, 54(10):961-965
32 Ding X, Tang YY, Deng Y, et al. Mood and personality predict improvement in creativity due to meditation training. Learning and Individual Differences, 2015, 37:217-221
33 Chen KW, Comerford A, Shinnick P, et al. Introducing qigong meditation into residential addiction treatment:a pilot study where gender makes a difference. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2010, 16(8):875-882
34 Tang YY, Tang R, Posner MI. Brief meditation training induces smoking reduction. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(34):13971-13975
35 Evans DR, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Button DF, et al. Selfregulatory deficits associated with unpracticed mindfulness strategies for coping with acute pain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2014, 23-30
36 ZeidanF, Johnson SK, DiamondBJ, et al. Mindfulness meditation improves cognition:evidence of brief mental training. Consciousness and Cognition, 2010, 19(2):597-605
37 Ditto B, Eclache M, Goldman N. Short-Term Autonomic and Cardiovascular Effects of Mindfulness Body Scan Meditation. Annals of Behavioral Medicion, 2006, 32(3):227-234
38 LarsonMJ, Steffen PR, Primosch M. The impact of a brief mindfulness meditation intervention on cognitive control and error-related performance monitoring. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013, 7:308-319
39 Tang YY, Ma Y, Fan Y, et al. Central and autonomic nervous system interaction is altered by short-term meditation. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106(22):8865-8870
40 Bottaccioli F, Carosella A, Cardone R, et al. Brief training of psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology-based meditation (PNEIMED) reduces stress symptom ratings and improves control on salivary cortisol secretion under basal and stimulated conditions. Explore(NY), 2014, 10(3):170-179
41 Cahn BR, Polich J. Meditation states and traits:EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies. Psychological Bulletin, 2006, 132 (2):180-211
42 Colzato LS, Sellaro R, Samara I, et al. Meditation-induced cognitive-control states regulate response-conflict adaptation:Evidence from trial-to-trial adjustments in the Simon task. Consciousness and Cognition, 2015, 35:110-114
43 Grant JA, Rainville P. Pain sensitivity and analgesic effects of mindful states in Zen meditators:A cross-sectional study. Psychosom Med, 2009, 71(1):106-114
44 Perlman DM, Salomons TV, Davidson RJ, et al. Differential effects on pain intensity and unpleasantness of two meditation practices. Emotion, 2010, 10(1):65-71
45 Brefczynski-Lewis JA, Lutz A, Schaefer HS, et al. Neural correlates of attentional expertise in long-term meditation practitioners. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(27):11483-11488
46 Josefsson T, Larsman P, Broberg AG, et al. Self-Reported Mindfulness Mediates the Relation Between Meditation Experience and Psychological Well-Being. Mindfulness, 2011, 2(1):49-58
47 Davidson RJ, Kaszniak AW. Conceptual and methodological issues in research on mindfulness and meditation. American Psychologist, 2015, 70(7):581-592

服务与反馈:
文章下载】【加入收藏
您是第访问者

《中国临床心理学杂志》编辑部
地址:湖南省长沙市中南大学湘雅二医院内, 410011
电 话:0731-85292472    电子邮件:cjcp_china@163.com