很多研究表明老年人的存活率差异是生物、社会、心理因素共同作用的结果。分子生物学证据表明，FOXO3A和ApoE等染色体基因、线粒体基因、端粒长度都与长寿有关，这些遗传因素与应激等心理行为因素对长寿有交互作用。心理学研究则表明尽责性、控制感等人格因素通过外在行为、应激-应对和自我治愈人格特质三种途径预测长寿，同时积极情绪、老化态度、应对方式及健康行为也与长寿有关。本文还阐述了社会支持、婚姻、友情等影响长寿的社会因素。目前，遗传基因、积极情绪、宗教信仰等因素对长寿的影响及其机制尚不清楚，但寿命相关因素研究可总结为“命缘神授虔且敬，寿因人择健而康”。最后，本文重点论述了目前长寿研究的不足和未来研究方向，比如加强整合研究、采用短期序列设计、增加跨文化研究证据等。

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