目的：验证行为抑制性气质、父母特质焦虑与学龄前儿童行为问题的关系，探索幼儿行为抑制性在父母特质焦虑与儿童行为问题关系中的中介作用。方法：调查北京地区174名4-7岁学龄前儿童父母的自身特质焦虑水平、孩子行为抑制性和行为问题水平。结果：①父母特质焦虑与学龄前儿童行为抑制性有显著正相关；②行为抑制性能够正向预测学龄前儿童的情绪问题和同伴问题，并对其亲社会行为有负向预测作用；③父母特质焦虑能够正向预测学龄前儿童的情绪问题；④儿童行为抑制性部分中介了父母特质焦虑与学龄前儿童情绪问题的关系。结论：学龄前儿童的行为抑制性气质是其内向性行为问题的显著预测因子，并且部分中介了父母特质焦虑与学龄前儿童情绪问题的关系。

1 Kagan J, Reznick JS, Clarke C, et al. Behavioral Inhibition to the Unfamiliar. Child Development, 1984, 55(6):2212-2225
2 Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Biederman J, Calltharp S, et al. Behavioral inhibition and disinhibition as hypothesized precursors to psychopathology:implications for pediatric bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 2003, 53(11):985-999
3 Fox NA, Henderson HA, Marshall PJ, et al. Behavioral Inhibition:Linking Biology and Behavior within a Developmental Framework. Annual Review of Psychology, 2005, 56(1):235-262
4 Vreeke LJ, Muris P, Mayer B, et al. Skittish, shielded, and scared:Relations among behavioral inhibition, overprotective parenting, and anxiety in native and non-native Dutch preschool children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2013, 27(7):703-710
5 Coles ME, Schofield CA, Pietrefesa AS. Behavioral inhibition and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2006, 20(8):1118-1132
6 Leen-Feldner EW, Zvolensky MJ, Feldner MT, et al. Behavioral inhibition:relation to negative emotion regulation and reactivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 2004, 36(6):1235-1247
7 Chen X, French DC. Children's Social Competence in Cultural Context. Annual Review of Psychology, 2008, 59(1):591-616
8 Chen X, Chen H, Li D, et al. Early Childhood Behavioral Inhibition and Social and School Adjustment in Chinese Children:A 5-Year Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 2009, 80(6):1692-1704
9 侯静,陈会昌,陈欣银. 儿童2-7岁行为抑制性发展对7岁时问题行为、学校适应的预测作用. 心理发展与教育, 2009,2:13-19
10 Chen X, Cen G, Li D, et al. Social Functioning and Adjustment in Chinese Children:The Imprint of Historical Time. Child Development, 2005, 76(1):182-195
11 张光珍,梁宗保,陈会昌,等. 早期气质对焦虑退缩行为的影响:社会适应的背景性作用. 心理学报,2013,45:70-81
12 毕玉,王建平,杨智辉,等. 行为抑制与父母教养方式对青少年焦虑的影响. 中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15:273-275
13 曹睿昕,陈会昌,陈欣银,等. 儿童2岁时的行为抑制性对其7-14岁学校适应的预测. 心理科学,2011,34:602-607
14 Shamir-Essakow G, Ungerer JA, Rapee RM. Attachment, Behavioral Inhibition, and Anxiety in Preschool Children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2005, 33(2):131-143
15 Bögels SM, Brechman-Toussaint ML. Family issues in child anxiety:Attachment, family functioning, parental rearing and beliefs. Clinical Psychology Review, 2006, 26(7):834-856
16 Mount KS, Crockenberg SC, Jó PSB, et al. Maternal and child correlates of anxiety in 2-year-old children. Infant Behavior and Development, 2010, 33(4):567-578
17 Capron LE, Glover V, Pearson RM, et al. Associations of maternal and paternal antenatal mood with offspring anxiety disorder at age 18 years. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2015, 187:20-26
18 Murray L, Creswell C, Cooper PJ. The development of anxiety disorders in childhood:an integrative review. Psychological Medicine, 2009, 39(09):1413-1423
19 Reck C, Müller M, Tietz A, et al. Infant distress to novelty is associated with maternal anxiety disorder and especially with maternal avoidance behavior. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2013, 27(4):404-412
20 Loomans EM, der Stelt O, van Eijsden M, et al. Antenatal maternal anxiety is associated with problem behaviour at age five. Early Human Development, 2011, 87(8):565-570
21 Hoffman C, Crnic KA, Baker JK. Maternal Depression and Parenting:Implications for Children's Emergent Emotion Regulation and Behavioral Functioning. Parenting, 2006, 6(4):271-295
22 Pachter LM, Auinger P, Palmer R, et al. Do Parenting and the Home Environment, Maternal Depression, Neighborhood, and Chronic Poverty Affect Child Behavioral Problems Differently in Different Racial-Ethnic Groups? Pediatrics, 2006, 117(4):1329-1338
23 王美芳,张燕翎. 学前儿童焦虑与父母教养方式的关系:追踪研究. 中国临床心理学杂志,2012,20(1):49-52
24 Bishop G, Spence SH, McDonald C. Can Parents and Teachers Provide a Reliable and Valid Report of Behavioral Inhibition? Child Development, 2003, 74(6):1899-1917
25 Kim J, Klein DN, Olino TM, et al. Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire in Preschool Children. Journal of Personality Assessment, 2011, 93(6):545-555
26 Spielberger CD. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, in The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2010
27 Goodman R. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire:A Research Note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1997, 38(5):581-586
28 Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 51(6):1173-1182
29 Muris P, Merckelbach H, Schmidt H, et al. Anxiety and depression as correlates of self-reported behavioural inhibition in normal adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2001, 39(9):1051-1061
30 Williams RL, Degnan KA, Perez-Edgar KE, et al. Impact of Behavioral Inhibition and Parenting Style on Internalizing and Externalizing Problems from Early Childhood through Adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2009, 37(8):1063-1075
31 Kagan J, Reznick JS, Snidman N. The Physiology and Psychology of Behavioral Inhibition in Children. Child Development, 1987, 58(6):1459-1473
32 Chen X, Hastings PD, Rubin KH, et al. Child-rearing attitudes and behavioral inhibition in Chinese and Canadian toddlers:A cross-cultural study. Developmental Psychology, 1998, 34(4):677-686
33 Kimonis ER, Frick PJ, Boris NW, et al. Callous-unemotional features, behavioral inhibition, and parenting:independent predictors of aggression in a high-risk preschool sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2006, 15(6):741-752
34 丁小利,张光珍,梁宗保,等. 行为抑制性、母亲养育方式和学步儿问题行为的关系. 心理发展与教育,2013,2:174-182
35 马月,刘莉,王欣欣,等. 焦虑的代际传递:父母拒绝的中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志,2016,24(1):23-27