中国临床心理学杂志

学习困难儿童的事件性前瞻记忆:多项式加工树状模型的应用

单位：1. 北京师范大学心理学院北京 100875
2. 南京大学社会学院心理学系南京 210023

分类号：R395.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2016,24(5):800-804

摘要：

目的：探讨学习困难儿童的事件性前瞻记忆（EBPM）内部认知加工过程与正常儿童的差异。方法：采用颜色匹配任务对筛选出的21名学习困难儿童和23名正常儿童进行EBPM测试，比较两组儿童的EBPM是否有差异；使用多项式加工树状（MPT）模型对两组儿童EBPM的内部成分进行建模分析。结果：学习困难儿童的EBPM显著低于正常儿童（P<0.05）；MPT模型的结果显示，学习困难儿童的前瞻成分成绩显著低于正常儿童（P<0.05），二者的回溯成分无显著差异。结论：学习困难儿童的EBPM缺陷是由其内部的前瞻成分损伤引起的，即由于注意资源匮乏或无法将注意资源准确分配到目标事件上，导致其EBPM受损。

Objective: To explore the difference of the cognitive processes underlying event-based prospective memory (EBPM) between learning disable children and normal children. Methods: The color-matched task was used to investigate the performance of EBPM between 23 normal children and 21 learning disable children. And multinomial processing tree model(MPT) was utilized to disentangle the prospective and retrospective components. Results: The EBPM performance of learning disable children was worse than normal children(P<0.05). The result of MPT model indicated that prospective component in children with learn disable group were lower than normal group(P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed in retrospective component. Conclusion: Prospective component deficits, reflecting impaired attention resource or disability of allocation of attention resource, may be the source to result in impairment of EBPM ability in children with learning disability.

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