目的:通过任务分离,探讨行为反馈和金钱反馈的生理基础。方法:采用事件相关电位方法,让18名大学生完成猜测任务,比较行为结果(猜对、猜错)和金钱结果(得分、失分)的FN和P3成分。结果:①行为反馈效应体现在FN的FZ、FCZ、CZ位置,P300的FZ、FCZ、CZ、CPZ位置;②金钱反馈效应体现在P300的PZ位置。结论:与金钱反馈相比,行为反馈在大脑神经生理基础水平加工时间快、强度高、分布范围广,反映了在人类强化学习过程中,行为反馈可能是比金钱反馈更有意义的反馈信号。

1 Thorndike EL. Laws and hypotheses for behavior. In: EL Thorndike, Animal intelligence. Darien CT : Hafner Publishing Co. 1911 /1970. 241-281
2 Barto AG, Sutton RS. Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction, by Sutton RS and Barto AG. Trends in Cognitive Sciences,1999, 39: 360-360
3 Binner PR, Potter A, Halpern J. Workload levels, program costs, and program benefits: An output value analysis. Administration in Mental Health, 1976, 3(2) :156-165
4 Yeung N, Sanfey AG. Independent coding of reward magnitude and valence in the human brain. Journal of Neuroscience,2004, 24(28): 6258-6264
5 Hauser TU, Iannaccone R, Stampfli P, et al. The feedbackrelated negativity(FRN) revisited: new insights into the localization, meaning, and network organization. Neuroimage,2014, 84C: 159-168
6 Wofford JC, Goodwin VL. Effects of feedback on cognitive processing and choice of decision style. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1990, 75(16): 603-612
7 Thurlings M, Vermeulen M, Bastiaens T, et al. Understanding feedback: a learning theory perspective. Educational Research Review, 2013, 9: 1-15
8 Hajcak G, Holroyd CB, Moser, JS, et al. Brain potentials associated with expected and unexpected good and bad outcomes. Psychophysiology, 2005, 42(2): 161-170
9 Mars RB, De Bruijn ER, Hulstijn W, et al. What if I told you:‘You were wrong’? Brain potentials and behavioral adjustments elicited by performance feedback in a timeestimation task. In Ullsperger M, Falkenstein M(Eds.), Errors, Conflicts, and the Brain. Current Opinions on Performance Monitoring. MPI of Cognitive Neuroscience, Leipzig,2004. 129-134
10 Katharina G, Oliver TW, Christian B. The impact of stress on feedback and error processing during behavioral adaptation. Neuropsychologia, 2015, 71: 181-190
11 Vander H, Boksem MA, Blom JH. The importance of failure: Feedback-related negativity predicts motor learning efficiency. Cereb Cortex, 2010, 20(7): 1596-1603
12 Chase HW, Swainson R, Durham L, et al. Feedback-related negativity codes prediction error but not behavioral adjustment during probabilistic reversal learning. J Cogn Neurosci,2011, 23(4): 936-946
13 Pfabigan DM, Alexopoulos J, Bauer H, Sailer U. Manipulation of feedback expectancy and valence induces negative and positive reward prediction error signals manifest in event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology, 2011, 48 (5): 656-664
14 Zhang D, He W, Wang T, et al. Three stages of emotional word processing: An ERP study with rapid serial visual presentation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,2014, 9(12): 1897-903