中国临床心理学杂志

考试焦虑者对不同程度威胁刺激的注意偏向

作者：董云英¹ 张小聪¹ 周仁来¹ 2 3 4

单位：1. 儿童发展和学习科学教育部重点实验室[东南大学]  南京210096
2. 南京大学社会学院心理学系南京210023
3. 认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室[北京师范大学]  北京100875
4. 应用实验心理北京市重点实验室[北京师范大学]  北京100875

关键词：考试焦虑威胁程度注意偏向注意回避

分类号：R395.1

出版年,卷(期):页码：2015,23(6):954-958

摘要：

目的:探讨考试焦虑者对不同程度威胁刺激的注意偏向。方法:采用考试焦虑量表、状态焦虑量表及社会期望量表筛选出20名高考试焦虑、16名低考试焦虑大学生被试完成修正的点探测任务,任务中给被试呈现考试相关高威胁-中性(HT-N)、考试相关低威胁-中性(LT-N)、考试无关高威胁-中性(T-N)以及中性-中性(N-N)词汇对200毫秒。结果:高考试焦虑个体对考试相关威胁词汇存在注意易化趋势,且对考试相关及无关高威胁词汇注意回避;而低考试焦虑个体对所有威胁词汇均出现注意易化趋势。结论:本研究提供了威胁程度如何影响考试焦虑者对威胁刺激的注意偏向成分的证据。

Objective: This study aimed to investigate attentional bias toward stimuli with different threat intensity in test anxiety. Methods: 20 high test-anxious(HTA) and 16 low test-anxious(LTA) undergraduates were selected through Test Anxiety Scale(TAS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale(SDS) sur-veys. All participants completed the modified dot probe task in which the test-related high threat-neutral(HT-N), test-re-lated low threat-neutral(LT-N), test-unrelated high threat-neutral(T-N), and neutral-neutral(N-N) word pairs were pre-sented for 200 ms. Results: Results indicated that HTA individuals showed a stronger vigilance for test-related threatening words and attentional avoidance against test-related and test-unrelated high threatening words. In addition, LTA individu-als showed a stronger vigilance for threatening words. Conclusion: These data provide evidence of how threat intensity in-fluences the components of attentional bias toward threat observed in test anxiety.

基金项目：

本项目得到“江苏省2011年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目”(项目号:CXZZ_0171)资助

作者简介：

参考文献：

1 Bar-Haim Y, Lamy D, Pergamin L, et al. Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 2005, 133(1): 1-24
2 Cisler JM, Koster EH. Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 2010, 30(2): 203-216
3 Alting, Therese, Markham, Roslyn. Test anxiety and distractibility. Journal of Research in Personality, 1993, 27(2):134-137
4 Vasey MW, El-Hag N, Daleiden EL. Anxiety and the processing of emotionally threatening stimuli:Distinctive patterns of selective attention among high-and low-test-anxious children. Child Development, 1996, 67(3): 1173-1185
5 Lawson, Darla Jane. Test anxiety: A test of attentional bias. Doctoral dissertation. Maine: The University of Maine, 2006
6 Putwain DW, Langdale HC, Woods KA, et al. Developing and piloting a dot-probe measure of attentional bias for test anxiety. Learning and Individual Differences, 2011, 21(4):478-482
7 卢克龙,郑志怀,丁秀君,等. 不同程度考试焦虑个体对情绪信息的注意偏向. 中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(2):261-265
8 陈睿,刘潇楠,周仁来. 不同程度考试焦虑个体对威胁性刺激注意机制的差异. 心理科学,2011,34(1):151-154
9 刘莹. 考试焦虑者注意偏向的认知与神经机制. 硕士论文. 南京:东南大学,2008
10 于靓. 考试焦虑者注意偏向的时间进程研究. 硕士论文. 南京:东南大学,2011
11 Mogg K, Bradley BP. A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1998, 36: 809-848
12 Koster EHW, Crombez G, Verschuere B, et al. Attention to threat in anxiety-prone individuals: Mechanisms underlying attentional bias. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2006, 30 (5): 635-643
13 Koster EHW, Verschuere B, Crombez G, et al. Time-course of attention for threatening pictures in high and low trait anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2005, 43(8): 1087-1098
14 邵秀巧,曹雪梅. 状态焦虑、刺激呈现时间、特质焦虑水平对注意偏向影响的实验研究. 中国健康心理学杂志,2014,22(2):275-277
15 Keogh E, French CC. Test anxiety, evaluative stress, and susceptibility to distraction from threat. European Journal of Personality, 2001, 15: 123-141
16 张小聪,邹吉林,董云英,等. 测试压力对高考试焦虑大学生工作记忆容量的影响. 中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23 (4):635-638
17 Newman E. No more test anxiety. Los Angels: Learning Skills Publications, 1996. 148
18 高鑫,周仁来. 考试焦虑者选择性注意抑制功能研究. 中国特殊教育,2013,1:85-91
19 MacLeod C, Mathews A, Tata P. Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1986, 95: 15-20
20 Koster EHW, Crombez G, Verschuere B, et al. Selective attention to threat in the dot probe paradigm: Differentiating vigilance and difficulty to disengage. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2004, 42: 1183-1192
21 Mogg K, Bradley BP, Miles F, et al. Time course of attentional bias for threat scenes: Testing the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis. Cognition and Emotion, 2004, 18: 689-700
22 Bradley BP, Mogg K, Falla SJ, et al. Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety: Manipulation of stimulus duration. Cognition and Emotion, 1998, 12(6): 737-753
23 Mogg K, Bradley BP, De Bono J, et al. Time course of attentional bias for threat information in non-clinical anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1997, 35(4): 297-303

服务与反馈：

【文章下载】【加入收藏】